2Pac

藝名：2pac 本名：Tupac Amaru Shakur 1971年6月16日——1996年9月13日 風(fēng)格：rap（Gangsta Rap（團(tuán)體饒舌） 、West Coast Rap（西岸饒舌） 、Hardcore Rap（硬核饒舌） 、G-Funk（G放客）） 2pac--一名gangsta rap（團(tuán)體饒舌）的烈士，一個(gè)富有悲劇色彩的美國(guó)黑人文化象征。在他演藝事業(yè)剛剛開(kāi)始之時(shí)，沒(méi)有人會(huì)相信這樣一個(gè)黑小子會(huì)成為20世紀(jì)90年代最偉大的饒舌歌手之一。開(kāi)始時(shí)，他只是digital underground（數(shù)位地下）的一名候補(bǔ)饒舌歌手和舞者，到了1992年，他發(fā)行了飽受好評(píng)的處女專(zhuān)輯《2pacalypse Now（2pac現(xiàn)代啟示錄）》，隨后又進(jìn)行了一系列的"造星"變革，經(jīng)歷了一年的過(guò)程后，他的整體水平得到充分的提高，同時(shí)他的知名度也提升很多，除了他的音樂(lè)還有他在演藝事業(yè)之外從不間斷的新聞。到了1994年，2pac已經(jīng)可以和snoop dogg（偷窺狗）媲美，成為rap圈中最具爭(zhēng)議的人物，因?yàn)樗ㄔ诒O(jiān)獄中的時(shí)間與他花在錄音棚中的時(shí)間一樣多。他的牢獄生涯幫助他1995年的專(zhuān)輯《Me against the world（我與世界對(duì)立）》飆升至排行榜第一名。然而，他也就像這張專(zhuān)輯中的《dear mama（親愛(ài)的媽媽?zhuān)匪模?他能夠敏感又暴力"。在1995年末簽約了Death Row（唱片廠牌：死排）唱片之后，2pac在1996年春天發(fā)行了他的雙張專(zhuān)輯《All Eyez on me（所有人的眼睛都盯著我）》，并且這張專(zhuān)輯以及其中的主打歌《California Love（加州之戀）》更加確立了他超級(jí)明星的地位。不幸的是，他在音樂(lè)中所標(biāo)榜的這種gangsta生活方式，很快就取代了他自己的生活。當(dāng)他達(dá)到了失業(yè)的頂峰，他公開(kāi)攻擊他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手"the Notorious B.I.G.（聲名狼藉先生）"，緊張的氣氛在Death Row中也開(kāi)始醞釀。正當(dāng)這些狀況接踵而至?xí)r，1996年9月2pac以外遭受槍擊，9月13日，槍擊6天后，2pac永遠(yuǎn)離開(kāi)了我們，留下遺物的只有表現(xiàn)著他生活方式的音樂(lè)。 作為黑人的孩子，Tupac Amaru Shakur（2pac的本名）出生在紐約，他的父母在他出生之前就已經(jīng)分手了，而在他童年的記憶里，更多的都是他的母親帶著他和他的妹妹四處流蕩。他的家庭也一直都是生活在貧困的環(huán)境中，然而，2pac卻一直想要進(jìn)入當(dāng)時(shí)聲望很高的巴爾的摩學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。當(dāng)他進(jìn)入了這所學(xué)校之后，他的才華得到了很大程度的激發(fā)，也就是從這時(shí)候開(kāi)始，他開(kāi)始了創(chuàng)作rap歌曲并且表演。在畢業(yè)之前，他的家舉家遷移到加拿大的Marin（海風(fēng)）城，那時(shí)候他才17歲。而后的幾年，他開(kāi)始了街頭流浪和搶劫。最終改變他的生活的，是他遇到了當(dāng)時(shí)Digital Underground的Shock-G。他們?cè)趭W克蘭的基地決定雇用2PAC作為一名伴舞和巡回演出管理員，所以每次巡回演出的時(shí)候2pac也都隨隊(duì)前往，而在這時(shí)，2pac也開(kāi)始了自己作品的創(chuàng)作。在digital underground1991年春天錄制的一張EP中，2pac首次參與了錄制，隨后他也參與了他們的第二張唱片《Sons of the P.（P.的兒子）》的錄制。而就在第二年，他發(fā)行了他的首張專(zhuān)輯《2Pacalypse Now》，這張專(zhuān)輯也獲得了驚人的成功，不但歌曲《Brenda's Got a Baby（布蘭達(dá)有了一個(gè)孩子）》進(jìn)入了R&B排行前30，而且這張專(zhuān)輯的銷(xiāo)售情況也達(dá)到了黃金銷(xiāo)量。但是，由于尖刻直率的歌詞，這張專(zhuān)輯也遭受到保守人士的批評(píng)和譴責(zé)。當(dāng)時(shí)正在參加競(jìng)選的副總統(tǒng)Dan Quayle（丹·奎伊）就在他的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)中對(duì)這張專(zhuān)輯大加批評(píng)。 2pac的再度名聲大噪是他參與了Ernest Dickerson（歐內(nèi)斯特·迪克遜）的電影《Juice（果汁）》中。轉(zhuǎn)年這部電影上映之時(shí)，2Pac也發(fā)行了他的第二張專(zhuān)輯《Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z.》，這張專(zhuān)輯更是獲得了白金銷(xiāo)量，同時(shí)歌曲《I Get Around（我四處游蕩）》和《Keep Ya Head up（保持年輕）》在R&B排行榜中排名第4并且打入了R&B TOP TEN，在流行歌曲排名中也獲得了11和12名的好成績(jī)。在1993年末，他又出演了一部籃球題材的電影《Above The Rim（在籃筐上）》。就在2PAC的音樂(lè)和電影事業(yè)獲得巨大成功的時(shí)候，他卻開(kāi)始了和法律"打交道"，而在他成為一名藝人之前，他卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有過(guò)犯罪記錄。1992年他因卷入一起斗毆，并用流彈槍射中一名6歲的旁觀者而被捕，而指控隨后被撤銷(xiāo)。1993年夏天，在2pac參與電影《MENACE II SOCIETY（威脅2：社會(huì)）》拍攝時(shí)，他又打傷了男演員Allen Hughes（阿蘭·休斯），1994年初，他因此被處以15天監(jiān)禁。1993年10月，他被指控在亞特蘭大槍擊兩名警察，而指控隨后也被幸運(yùn)地撤銷(xiāo)了。但僅過(guò)了一個(gè)月，他和他的兩名隨從又被指控對(duì)一名女歌迷性騷擾。1994年他的性侵犯罪名成立，而就在宣判之后一天，他又在紐約的錄音室中被兩人槍擊。1995年2月7日，2pac開(kāi)始了他4年半的服刑。 在他服刑期間，他也開(kāi)始了他第三張專(zhuān)輯的制作《Me Against The World》，這張專(zhuān)輯在同年3月發(fā)行，，并且榮登排行榜第一名，而他也是第一位在監(jiān)獄中接受這等殊榮的藝人。在獄中，他除了音樂(lè)，還指控了Notorious B.I,G,、Puffy Combs（吹牛老爹）、Andre Harrerll（安德列·哈來(lái)爾）和他的好友Randy Walker（蘭迪·沃克）涉嫌參與了紐約槍擊事件。2pac在獄中只服刑八個(gè)月就被當(dāng)時(shí)的Death ROW的經(jīng)理Suge Knight（蘇積·耐特）以140萬(wàn)美元保釋出獄。同年年底，他開(kāi)始制作在Death Row的首張專(zhuān)輯。1995年10月30日，紐約槍擊事件1年后，他的好友randy walker被殺。 2pac在Death Row的處女作《All Eyez On Me》成為了HIP-HOP歷史上第一張雙張專(zhuān)輯。而這張專(zhuān)輯也再次獲得第一名的榮譽(yù)，同時(shí)這張專(zhuān)輯在秋天的銷(xiāo)售情況已經(jīng)達(dá)到了5倍白金銷(xiāo)量。雖然他的在音樂(lè)事業(yè)上如此成功，并且還和Dr. Dre合作了《California Love》，但是2pac此時(shí)卻開(kāi)始厭倦HIP-HOP音樂(lè)并開(kāi)始執(zhí)迷于演藝事業(yè)。1996年夏天他完成了兩部電影。驚悚片《Bullet（子彈）》和黑色幽默片《Gridlock`d（狠將黑幫）》。這期間他也間或?yàn)镈eath Row發(fā)行一些專(zhuān)輯。 在他被謀殺的1996年9月，已經(jīng)有跡象表明2Pac準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)Death Row，而離開(kāi)的原因到現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有人能準(zhǔn)確說(shuō)出來(lái)，他被槍殺至今也依舊是個(gè)謎。2pac被殺是在拉斯維加斯，當(dāng)時(shí)他和Knight從米高梅酒店出來(lái)后，2Pac被一名年輕黑人開(kāi)槍打死。事后有猜測(cè)說(shuō)是他在開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)被射中打死，有猜測(cè)說(shuō)是Knight糾集殺手來(lái)殺他。另一種說(shuō)法就是The Notorious B.I.G.為求報(bào)復(fù)而買(mǎi)兇殺人。無(wú)論怎么說(shuō)，2pac當(dāng)時(shí)都是身中4槍?zhuān)蟊凰屯鶅?nèi)華達(dá)州醫(yī)院搶救，6天后，他永遠(yuǎn)離開(kāi)了這個(gè)世界。 數(shù)以百計(jì)的歌迷在聽(tīng)到2pac過(guò)世的噩耗后來(lái)到醫(yī)院，整個(gè)娛樂(lè)界也因失去他這樣一位天才藝人而惋惜。特別是在這次事件發(fā)生之后，許多人相信這將會(huì)終結(jié)East Coast HIP-HOP（東岸嘻哈）和West Coast Hiphop（西岸嘻哈）兩大幫派的對(duì)立情況，減少黑人之間的暴力事件。不幸的是，6個(gè)月后，The Notorious B.I.G.也在相似情況下的被殺了。就在2PAC的惡名在他死后還與日俱增的同時(shí)，一系列的作品卻在他死后做成專(zhuān)輯出版發(fā)行，其中包括《Don Killuminati：The 7 Day Theory（七日推測(cè)）》（由Makaveli（瑪卡維利）在1996年發(fā)行），《R U Still Down？（Remeeber me）【你是否依然低落？（記住我）】》（1997），《Still I Rise（冉冉升起）》（1999），《Under the End of Time（時(shí)間結(jié)束后……）》（2001）和《Better Dayz（更好的日子）》（2002）。 2Pac became the unlikely martyr of gangsta rap, and a tragic symbol of the toll its lifestyle exacted on urban black America. At the outset of his career, it didn't appear that he would emerge as one of the definitive rappers of the '90s — he started out as a second-string rapper and dancer for Digital Underground, joining only after they had already landed their biggest hit. But in 1991, he delivered an acclaimed debut album, 2Pacalypse Now, and quickly followed with a star-making performance in the urban drama Juice. Over the course of one year, his profile rose substantially, based as much on his run-ins with the law as his music. By 1994, 2Pac rivaled Snoop Dogg as the most controversial figure in rap, spending as much time in prison as he did in the recording studio. His burgeoning outlaw mythology helped his 1995 album Me Against the World enter the charts at number one, and it also opened him up to charges of exploitation. Yet, as the single "Dear Mama" illustrated, he was capable of sensitivity as well as violence. Signing with Death Row Records in late 1995, 2Pac released the double-album All Eyez on Me in the spring of 1996, and the record, as well as its hit single "California Love," confirmed his superstar status. Unfortunately, the gangsta lifestyle he captured in his music soon overtook his own life. While his celebrity was at its peak, he publicly fought with his rival, the Notorious B.I.G., and there were tensions brewing at Death Row. Even with such conflicts, however, 2Pac's drive-by shooting in September 1996 came as an unexpected shock. On September 13, six days after the shooting, 2Pac passed away, leaving behind a legacy that was based as much on his lifestyle as it was his music. The son of two Black Panther members, Tupac Amaru Shakur was born in New York City. His parents had separated before he was born, and his mother moved him and his sister around the country for much of their childhood. Frequently, the family was at the poverty level, but Shakur managed to gain acceptance to the prestigious Baltimore School of the Arts as a teenager. While he was at the school, his creative side flourished, as he began writing raps and acting. Before he could graduate, his family moved to Marin City, CA, when he was 17 years old. Over the next few years, he lived on the streets and began hustling. Eventually, he met Shock-G, the leader of Digital Underground. The Oakland-based crew decided to hire him as a dancer and roadie, and as he toured with the group, he worked on his own material. 2Pac made his first recorded appearance on the group's spring 1991 record, This Is an EP Release, and he also appeared on their second album, Sons of the P. The following year, he released his own debut, 2Pacalypse Now. The album became a word-of-mouth hit, as "Brenda's Got a Baby" reached the R&B Top 30 and the record went gold. However, its blunt and explicit lyrics earned criticisms for moral watchdogs, and Vice President Dan Quayle attacked the album while he was campaigning for re-election that year. Shakur's profile was raised considerably by his acclaimed role in the Ernest Dickerson film Juice, which led to a lead role in John Singleton's Poetic Justice the following year. By the time the film hit theaters, 2Pac had released his second album, Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z., which became a platinum album, peaking at number four on the R&B charts and launching the Top Ten R&B hit singles "I Get Around" and "Keep Ya Head Up," which peaked at number 11 and 12, respectively, on the pop charts. Late in 1993, he acted in the basketball movie Above the Rim. Although Shakur was selling records and earning praise for his music and acting, he began having serious altercations with the law; prior to becoming a recording artist, he had no police record. He was arrested in 1992 after he was involved in a fight that culminated with a stray bullet killing a six-year-old bystander; the charges were later dismissed. 2Pac was filming Menace II Society in the summer of 1993 when he assaulted director Allen Hughes; he was sentenced to 15 days in jail in early 1994. The sentence arrived after two other high-profile incidents. In October of 1993, when he was charged with shooting two off-duty police officers in Atlanta. The charges were dismissed, but the following month, he and two members of his entourage were charged with sexually abusing a female fan. In 1994, he was found guilty of sexual assault. The day after the verdict was announced, he was shot by a pair of muggers while he was in the lobby of a New York City recordings studio. Shakur was sentenced to four-and-a-half years in prison on February 7, 1995. Later that month, Shakur began serving his sentence. He was in jail when his third album, Me Against the World, was released in March. The record entered the charts at number one, making 2Pac the first artist to enjoy a number one record while serving a prison sentence. While he was in prison, he accused the Notorious B.I.G., Puffy Combs, Andre Harrell, and his own close friend Randy "Stretch" Walker of orchestrating his New York shooting. Shakur only served eight months of his sentence, as Suge Knight, the president of Death Row Records, arranged for parole and posted a 1.4 million dollar bond for the rapper. By the end of the year, 2Pac was out of prison and working on his debut for Death Row. On November 30, 1995 — the one-year anniversary of the New York shooting — Walker was killed in a gangland-styled murder in Queens. 2Pac's Death Row debut, All Eyez on Me, was the first double disc of original material in hip-hop history. It debuted at number one upon its February release, and would be certified quintuple platinum by the fall. Although he had a hit record and, with the Dr. Dre duet "California Love," a massive single on his hands, Shakur was beginning to tire of hip-hop and started to concentrate on acting. During the summer of 1996, he completed two films, the thriller Bullet and the dark comedy Gridlock'd, which also starred Tim Roth. He also made some recordings for Death Row, which was quickly disintegrating without Dre as the house producer, and as Knight became heavily involved in illegal activities. At the time of his murder in September 1996, there were indications that Shakur was considering leaving Death Row, and maybe even rap, behind. None of those theories can ever be confirmed, just as the reasons behind his shooting remain mysterious. Shakur was shot on the Las Vegas strip as he was riding in the passenger seat of Knight's car. They had just seen the Mike Tyson-Bruce Seldon fight at the MGM Grand, and as they were leaving the hotel, 2Pac got into a fight with an unnamed young black man. The case was never solved, but it has been suggested that this was the cause of the drive-by shooting, and it has also been suggested that Knight's ties to the mob and to gangs were the reason; another theory is that the Notorious B.I.G. arranged the shooting as retaliation for 2Pac's comments that he slept with Biggie's wife, Faith Evans. Either way, Shakur was shot four times and was admitted to University of Nevada Medical Center. Six days later, he died from his wounds. Hundreds of mourners appeared at the hospital upon news of his death, and the entire entertainment industry mourned his passing, especially since there were no leads in the case. Many believed his death would end the much-hyped East Coast/West Coast hip-hop rivalry and decrease black-on-black violence. Sadly, six months after his death, the Notorious B.I.G. was murdered under similar circumstances. As Shakur's notoriety only increased in the wake of his death, a series of posthumous releases followed, among them Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory (issued under the alias Makaveli in 1996), R U Still Down? (Remember Me) (1997), Still I Rise (1999), Until the End of Time (2001), and Better Dayz (2002). 更多>>